From my diary

Isn’t it odd that a difficult day at work tends to leave you too exhausted for anything else?  I’ve known husbands to make the same complaint of a row with their wives.  All these interruptions to what we think of as our “real” life!

I went to the library at lunchtime and picked up vol. 1 of the 2nd edition of Brockelmann’s Geschichte der arabischen Literatur, 1943.  It’s a remarkably old-fashioned looking volume in terms of binding and typeface.  But considering that the Netherlands were under Nazi occupation at the time, and that industrial sites on the continent were being bombed by the RAF, I suppose it is a marvel that Brill were able to produce it at all.  No time to look at it this evening.

Rather more to my taste just now was a large paperback book of literary anecdotes.  It’s ideal to skim through, looking for oddities, although the editors have allowed a little too much latitude in length from time to time.

Over the weekend I was also reading volume 3 of the collected letters of C. S. Lewis.  The charm of Lewis’ letters is considerable, and I am glad to own it.  But these monster volumes are quite hard to digest (and indeed even to hold!).  Instead of three volumes each three inches thick, the publishers should have split each volume into three.  Probably they had commercial reasons for their choice; but the smaller volumes would be much easier to handle!

I had to put the Lewis volume aside, tho.  It was slightly depressing to enter into of a man who grew old early — he says so himself — but, at my age, had achieved so much and was so well known to so many.  But … would we wish to be famous?  To be courted by the media, to earn large sums, to receive letters from lunatics and attempts to inveigle into marriage from cunning (and not so cunning) women?  Obviously not.

Unless the women are blonde, of course.  And the money is in hard currency.

Letters from lunatics, sadly, are the lot of every blogger.  Most of mine are friendly, fortunately.  And I keep a big, fierce dog.

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Mithras in Commagene — the hierothesion at Nemrud Dag

Turkey is a land of many interesting archaeological sites, and I would very much like to go there some day!  One of them is a curiosity — a site in the minor Hellenistic kingdom of Commagene, at a place today known as Nemrud Dag in South-Eastern Turkey, adjoining Syria.  There is a website for an International Nemrud Foundation, which, if you can get past the awful intro, gives a lot of useful information.

The kingdom was a mixture of Hellenistic and Persian in influence.  The kings took names like Mithradates and Antiochus and were related to both the Seleucids and the old Persian Achaemenid dynasty. 

The site at Nemrud Dag consists of a large tumulus, with three terraces below it on which are a number of statues and inscriptions.  The inscriptions are online, in image form, with translations, here.  Apparently they all appear on the west terrace. 

Therefore, as you see, I have set up these divine images of Zeus-Oromasdes and of Apollo-Mithras-Helios-Hermes and of Artagnes-Herakles-Ares, and also of my all-nourishing homeland Kommagene; and from one and the same quarry, throned likewise among the deities who hear our prayers, I have consecrated the features of my own form, and have caused the ancient honour of great deities to become the coeval of a new Tyche. Since I thereby, in an upright way, imitated the example of the divine Providence, which as a benevolent helper has so often been seen standing by my side in the struggles of my reign.

Adequate property in land and an inalienable income therefrom have I set aside for the ample provision of sacrifices; an unceasing cult and chosen priests arrayed in such vestments as are proper to the race of the Persians have I inaugurated, and I have dedicated the whole array and cult in a manner worthy of my fortune and the majesty of the gods.

The deities are syncretistic.  In each case a Persian deity is associated with Greek deities.  Thus we have one statue identifying Zeus with Ormazd (reasonably enough), and another associating the minor Zoroastrian figure Artagnes with the hero Heracles and the god Ares. 

But the other item is interesting in a wider sense: a deity “Apollo-Mithras-Helios-Hermes”.  By analogy with the other gods, one of these gods must be an oriental, a Zoroastrian Persian deity.  Obviously Mithras is the one, as the others are all mainstream classical Greek gods. 

But this is a site built by a semi-Persian king, for the purposes of syncretism.  This must mean, therefore, that “Mithras” here means the oriental deity Mitra, known to Zoroastrianism. 

Some have tried to use this site as evidence that Roman Mithras was around during the first century BC.  But there is nothing here suggestive of Mithras of the legions.  There is no Mithraeum, no bull sacrifice, nothing.  There is an association with Helios, the sun, just as Mithras is associated with Sol.  But such an association by itself is not a fingerprint for Sol Mithras, as many deities were associated with the sun, and Mitra himself replaced the Zoroastrian sun god.

I think we must consider Nemrud Dag as a syncretistic site with no connection to Mithras.

There is discussion of the site at the Encyclopedia Iranica site here

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Aphrahat in English

I can’t find the post, but a month or two back I decided that I really ought to try to get hold of the complete English translation of the classic Syriac author Aphrahat.  He wrote 26 sermons, and a selection was included in the Ante-Nicene Fathers series so is online.  But few people even know there is a complete translation, made in Kottayam in India a few years ago and available in two volumes from the St Ephrem Ecumenical Research Institute at $25 a vol.

At least, in theory it is available.  In practice SEERI are quite hard to deal with.  I wrote and asked, and got a reply asking for my postal address and how I proposed to pay.  I offered to pay using Xoom.com, and heard nothing more.  I was thinking yesterday what to do.  Gorgias Press do a version of the book, at some very high price.

But down at the post office this morning, and the parcel is not the humdrum item that I was expecting, but a parcel from SEERI.  Yep — it’s the Aphrahat!  The packing is not great, and rather torn, but the item has arrived fine!

Opening it was harder than it looks.  But once open, there were the two volumes!

A catalogue search reveals that not a single library in the UK possesses a copy of these.

On opening them, I find that vol. 1 contains a lot of introductory matter, obviously from a thesis, and a preface by Sebastian Brock.  This is solid stuff, in other words.  Now if only it was online!

But now I have to work out how to pay them.  Western Digital is possible; Xoom is possible; but in both cases I need information from SEERI to give them.  I look up their address in Google Maps and they are in the heart of the city of Kottayam.  It is a bit sad, tho, that it is so much work to give them money.  Let’s see what happens!

PS: An email from the library tells me that Brockelmann 2nd ed. vol. 1 has arrived.  Not that I can do much about that until Monday, but good to know.

Now I need to do something with the proposed design leaflet for the Patristics Conference, advertising the Eusebius book.  The final revision awaits!  I’ve already paid for the insert yesterday.  All costly in time and money, N.B.

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From my diary

At home today, and I’ve spent part of the afternoon OCR-ing and proofing the section of Brockelmann’s History of Arabic Literature dedicated to historical writers of the classical period (750-1000 AD).  I hope to turn it into English and put it online.  It’s only from the first edition, but should still be useful.

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