I’ve been looking at the portion of the calendar of Antiochus of Athens which I posted earlier, and trying to work out what the meanings of the words are. I can feel the jargon behind some otherwise innocuous phrases, and Mark Riley’s glossary of terms confirms that at least one of them does have a specialised meaning in ancient astrological circles.
To start with, I need to be sure what two very common words mean, namely: Περὶ ἀστέων ἀνατελλόντων καὶ δυνότων — concerning the rising and setting of the stars. That is, I think it is “rising” and “setting”, but I want to be sure.
I thought I’d do a google search on ἀνατελλόντων and δυνότων and see what I got. After a few Greek pages, I got an ancient work, Geminus Rhodius, Introduction to the Phaenomena. Apparently this is a work of the 1st century B.C. The HTML is here. The Wikipedia article for Geminus Rhodius tells me that an English translation does exist, but, made recently as it was, it’s offline and so inaccessible to anyone. But this site has a PDF of a Greek/German text. I’m OCR’ing this at the moment, and it may help. Chapter 2, in which the text is used, is about the 12 parts of the zodiac.
The HTML gives me this:
Ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ τὰς λοιπὰς συζυγίας διημαρτημένας εἶναι συμβέβηκεν. Ἐκδηλότατον δὲ γίνεται τὸ ἁμάρτημα περὶ τὴν συζυγίαν τοῦ Κριοῦ. Ἀποφαίνονται γὰρ κατὰ συζυγίαν Κριὸν Ζυγῷ ὡς τούτων τῶν ζῳδίων ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ τόπου ἀνατελλόντων καὶ εἰς τὸν αὐτὸν τόπον δυνόντων. Ἀλλ’ ὁ μὲν Κριὸς βόρειος ἀνατέλλει καὶ δύνει· τοῦ γὰρ ἰσημερινοῦ κύκλου πρὸς ἄρκτους κεῖται· αἱ δὲ Ζυγοῦ νότιαι καὶ ἀνατέλλουσι καὶ δύνουσι· τοῦ γὰρ ἰσημερινοῦ κύκλου πρὸς μεσημβρίαν κεῖνται. Πῶς οὖν δύναται Κριὸς Ζυγῷ κατὰ συζυγίαν εἶναι; Ἐκ διαφόρων γὰρ τόπων ἀνατέλλουσιν, ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ δύνουσιν.
and the German is (chapter II, nearly at the end, on p.35):
Am deutlichsten zeigt sich die irrtumliche Annahme bei dem Paarscheine des Widders. Den Widder nehmen sie namlich als mit der Wage im Paarschein stehend an, da diese Zeichen angeblich aus demselben Orte auf- und in denselben Ort untergehen. Allein der Widder geht nördlich auf und unter, weil er nördlich vom Äquator liegt, wahrend die Wage sildlich aufgeht und untergeht, weil sie südlich vom Äquator liegt. Wie kann also der Widder mit der Wage in Paarschein stehen? Gehen sie ja doch aus verschiedenen Orten auf und auch entsprechend unter. Es können also diese Zeichen nicht von denselben Parallelkreisen eingeschlossen werden.
Again we have rising and setting.
Next I try a search for dunei. I get a parallel Greek-English Septuagint from Ecclesiastes 1:5, here.
καὶ ἀνατέλλει ὁ ἥλιος καὶ δύνει ὁ ἥλιος καὶ εἰς τὸν τόπον αὐτοῦ ἕλκει
The sun also rises, and the sun goes down, and hurries to its place where it rises.
OK, that fits with my understanding also.
I then found an article online which not merely uses the word, but references the calendar of Euctemon — one of the other three calendars published by Boll together with that of Antiochus! — Pritchett (etc), Thucididean time-reckoning and Euctemon’s seasonal calendar, Bulletin de correspondance hellénique , vol 85 (1961) pp. 17-52. It starts here. I learn from it, indeed, that Euctemon’s calendar actually is appended to the manuscripts of Geminus Rhodius! And Pritchett actually translates a portion of Euctemon, from which we may see some of the terminology in use:
And indeed there are several more pages of translation.
I had already worked out that Kwon — so frequent in Antiochus — must be Sirius, the dog-star, but it is nice to get confirmation of it. epitellei = rises and holos epitellei = completely rises are likewise useful. Delphis, it seems, is the “Dolphin”. Pritchett renders hesperios as “vespertinal” (what?!), i.e. “in the west”.
So this has been productive. I now have some ideas about the language being used by Antiochus.
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