15. At that time the Jews returned to Jerusalem.\u00a0 They then became so numerous that they filled the city, they decided to give themselves a king.\u00a0 Hearing about this, Trajan Caesar sent one of his generals\u00a0to Jerusalem at the head of a large army (41).\u00a0 Countless Jews were killed in that way.\u00a0 Now it happened that\u00a0at Babylon a rebel rose up against this king Trajan.\u00a0 The king Trajan marched against him, and between the two there was a violent combat.\u00a0 Many men fell on both sides in that war, and\u00a0the king Trajan was killed (42).<\/p>\n
16. After him reigned Aelius Hadrian Caesar for twenty years (43).\u00a0 He waged war on the rebel of Babylon and defeated him.\u00a0 He\u00a0then passed into Egypt; he subjected the population to severe hardships, forcing people to worship idols and for this reason he put to death many Christians, including Eustathius, his wife and their two children: he dropped them in a copper kettle, poured water on them, lit a fire under the boiler and made them die\u00a0groaning in agony (44). The king Aelius Hadrian Caesar was hit by a horrible disease that spread throughout the body, and he began to go from one country to another in search of some medicine\u00a0able to heal his body and cure his disease.\u00a0 Finally it was suggested that he go to Jerusalem.\u00a0 But having arrived there, and found that the city was all a mass of ruins and that there was nothing but the church of Christians, he ordered that\u00a0a city be built around the temple, and furnished with a\u00a0strong tower.\u00a0 Having heard this, the Jews flocked from every country and city.\u00a0 In a short time the city was full, and they were many, and\u00a0gave themselves a king named Bar\u011f\u016bziy\u0101 (45).\u00a0 The king Aelius Hadrian,\u00a0being made\u00a0aware of the fact, sent one of his generals at the head of many men who besieged the city.\u00a0 All those who were there died of hunger and thirst.\u00a0 Then\u00a0he conquered it, killed many Jews and destroyed the city, leaving it empty (46).<\/p>\n
This\u00a0was the\u00a0final destruction of Jerusalem.\u00a0 Some of the Jews fled to Egypt, others in Syria, others to the\u00a0mountains and others\u00a0to Ghor.\u00a0 The king ordered that no Jew should live in the city.\u00a0 He ordered to kill the Jews and annihilate the race.\u00a0 He\u00a0then ordered that the city should be inhabited by Greeks and called Aelia (47), from the name of the king.\u00a0 After that, in fact, Jerusalem was called the city of Aelius.\u00a0 The Greeks lived there and built a tower at the door of the temple called “The Splendour”.\u00a0 On it they put a large tablet on which was written the name of King Aelius.\u00a0 The tower, today, is the one that is close to the\u00a0gate of the city of Jerusalem called “Mihr\u0101b D\u0101wud” (48).<\/p>\n
17. From the previous destruction by Titus,\u00a0to this one, fifty-three years had passed.\u00a0 Soon Jerusalem was populated by Greeks.\u00a0 But\u00a0seeing that Christians used to go to pray to the place of garbage, under which the Holy Sepulchre was found, and the place called The Skull, the Greeks prevented\u00a0this and built on that place of garbage a temple dedicated to Venus; this was so that no Christian could\u00a0go any more\u00a0close to the unclean place (49).\u00a0 In the sixth year of the reign of Hadrian, Hyginus was made patriarch of Rome (50).\u00a0 He held the office for four years and died.\u00a0 In the tenth year of his reign Marcus\u00a0was made patriarch of Rome (51).\u00a0 He held the office for fifteen years and died.\u00a0 In the ninth year of his reign Cornelius was made patriarch of Antioch.\u00a0 He held the\u00a0office for sixteen years and died.\u00a0 In the second year of his reign Eumenes was made patriarch of Alexandria.\u00a0 He held the office for twelve years and died.\u00a0 In the fourteenth year of his reign Marcian was made patriarch of Alexandria.\u00a0 He held the office for ten years and died.\u00a0 In the fourth year of his reign Tobias was made bishop of Jerusalem.\u00a0 He held the office for three years and died.\u00a0 In the seventh year of his reign Benjamin was made bishop of Jerusalem.\u00a0 He held the office for three years and died.\u00a0 In the tenth year of his reign\u00a0John was made bishop of Jerusalem.\u00a0 He held the seat for two years and died.\u00a0 In the thirteenth year of his reign\u00a0Matateus [or Mattias] was made bishop of Jerusalem.\u00a0 He held the\u00a0office for two years and died.\u00a0 In the fifteenth year of his reign\u00a0Philip was made bishop of Jerusalem.\u00a0 He held the\u00a0office for two years and died.\u00a0 In the seventeenth year of his reign\u00a0Seneca was made bishop of Jerusalem.\u00a0 He held the office for only one year and died.\u00a0 In the eighteenth year of his reign\u00a0Justus was made bishop of Jerusalem.\u00a0 He held the office for five years and died.<\/p>\n
18. The king Aelius died, and after him reigned in Rome Antoninus Caesar for\u00a0twenty-two years (53).\u00a0 In the fifth year of his reign Anicetus was made patriarch of Rome (54). He held the office for eleven years and died.\u00a0 In the sixteenth year of his reign Soterus was made patriarch of Rome (55).\u00a0 He held the office for eight years and died.\u00a0 In the fourth year of his reign Celadio was made patriarch of Alexandria (56).\u00a0 He held the office for eleven years and died.\u00a0 In the fifteenth year of his reign Agrippinus was made patriarch of Alexandria (57).\u00a0 He held the office for twelve years and died.\u00a0 In the third year of his reign Arus was made patriarch of Antioch.\u00a0 He held the office for thirteen years and died.\u00a0 In the sixteenth year of his reign Theophilus was made Patriarch of Antioch. He held the office for twenty-one years and died.\u00a0 In the first year of his reign\u00a0Levi was made bishop of Jerusalem.\u00a0 He held the office for five years and died.\u00a0 In the sixth year of his reign\u00a0Ephrem was made bishop of Jerusalem.\u00a0 He held the seat for two years and died.\u00a0 In the eighth year of his reign\u00a0Arsenius was made bishop of Jerusalem (58).\u00a0 He held the office for three years and died.\u00a0 In the eleventh year of his reign\u00a0Judah was made bishop of Jerusalem. He held the\u00a0office for two years and died.<\/p>\n
From James, first bishop of Jerusalem, to this Judah, Bishop of Jerusalem, the bishops who had succeeded to the See of Jerusalem were of the circumcision (59).\u00a0 In the thirteenth year of the reign of Antoninus Marcus was made bishop of Jerusalem.\u00a0 He held the office for eight years and died.\u00a0 In the twenty-first year of his reign\u00a0Cassianus was made bishop of Jerusalem.\u00a0He held the office for five years and died.<\/p>\n
19. Antoninus Caesar died.\u00a0 After him reigned Marcus, called\u00a0Aurelius Caesar and also called Antoninus\u00a0swrs<\/em> (60).\u00a0 He reigned for nineteen years and died.\u00a0 He procured for the Christians great misfortunes and long affliction.\u00a0 Many Christians found martyrdom in his day.\u00a0 There was, in his day, severe famine, drought and pestilence.\u00a0 For two years no rain fell and the king and the people of his kingdom were about to die by famine and pestilence.\u00a0 Therefore he asked the Christians to invoke their Lord so\u00a0there would be rain.\u00a0 The Christians then\u00a0lifted up imploring voices to their Lord: God made a lot of water rain on them, and the pestilence and drought disappeared (61).<\/p>\n 20. At the time of this king the sage Meghitiy\u016bs lived in Greece\u00a0 (62). In the second year of his reign Eleuterius was made patriarch of Rome (63).\u00a0 He held the seat for fifteen years and died.\u00a0 In the seventeenth year of his reign Victor was made patriarch of Rome (64).\u00a0 He held the office for ten years and died.\u00a0 In the fifth year of his reign Julian was made patriarch of Alexandria (65).\u00a0 He held the office for ten years and died.\u00a0 In the fifteenth year of his reign Demetrius was made patriarch of Alexandria (66).\u00a0 He held the office for forty years and died.\u00a0 He was the first patriarch to ordain bishops in the province of Egypt.\u00a0 In the fifteenth year of his reign Maximus was made patriarch of Antioch.\u00a0 He held the seat for nine years and died.\u00a0 In the fourth year of his reign\u00a0Eusebius was made bishop of Jerusalem (67).\u00a0 He held the seat for two years and died.\u00a0 In the sixth year of his reign B\u016bliy\u016bs was made patriarch (sic!) of Jerusalem (68).\u00a0 He held the office for five years and died.\u00a0 In the eleventh year of his reign\u00a0Maximus was made bishop of Jerusalem.\u00a0 He held the office for four years and died.\u00a0 In the fifteenth year of his reign\u00a0Julian was made bishop of Jerusalem.\u00a0 He held the seat for two years and died.\u00a0 In the seventeenth year of his reign\u00a0Gaius was made bishop of Jerusalem (69).\u00a0 He held the office for three years and died.<\/p>\n 21. At that time Demetrius, patriarch of Alexandria, wrote to Gaius, bishop of Jerusalem, Maximus, Patriarch of Antioch and Victor, Patriarch of Rome, on the calculation of Easter for the Christians, and on their times of fasting, as well as how to\u00a0calculate the\u00a0time starting from\u00a0the passover\u00a0of the Jews.\u00a0 He drew up in this regard many writings and letters\u00a0which established that the Christian Easter is celebrated according to the practice still in use today.\u00a0 This is because the Christians were accustomed, after the ascension into heaven of Christ, our Lord, to celebrate the feast of\u00a0his Baptism (70) starting from that day\u00a0to fast\u00a0for forty days, after which they broke the fast\u00a0precisely as Christ our Lord\u00a0had done.\u00a0 For Christ, our Lord, having received baptism in the Jordan, retired to the desert and stayed there, fasting, for the period of forty days.\u00a0 The Christians were\u00a0accustomed\u00a0thus to\u00a0celebrate their Easter in the same period in which fell that of the Jews [the passover].\u00a0 Those patriarchs settled thus the calculation of Easter, so that the Christians fasted for forty days and broke the fast on Easter Day (71).<\/p>\n 22. The king Marcus [Aurelius] Caesar died.\u00a0 After him there reigned\u00a0at Rome Commodus Caesar (72), son of Antoninus, for twelve years.\u00a0 In his time\u00a0there lived in Greece, in the city of Pergamum, the physician Galen, initiator of the medical art.\u00a0 Among other things Galen records, in the index of his own books,\u00a0that he was the tutor of king Commodus.\u00a0 And\u00a0likewise Galen tells us, in the first treatise of [his] book known under the title of\u00a0Kit\u0101b Akhl\u0101q an-Nafs (73), that there was in the days of King Commodus a man named Perennis (74)\u00a0whom the king Commodus sent to call to him, intending to kill him.\u00a0 But [Perennis] fled.\u00a0 [This Perennis] had two servants, and the king had them flogged to make them show him where their master could be found.\u00a0 But\u00a0from nobility of mind, and wanting at all costs to save the life of their master, they\u00a0preferred to remain silent.\u00a0 From\u00a0Alexander\u00a0to Perennis five hundred and sixteen years had passed, since this incident\u00a0is located\u00a0in the ninth year of the reign of Commodus Caesar.\u00a0 So says Galen.\u00a0 In his day, the\u00a0sage D\u012bmuqr\u0101tis\u00a0flourished.\u00a0 In the eighth year of his reign\u00a0F\u016brit\u016bs was made patriarch of Rome (75).\u00a0 He held the seat for eighteen years and died.\u00a0 In the fifth year of his reign Serapion was made patriarch of Antioch.\u00a0 He held the office for ten years and died.\u00a0 In the first year of his reign\u00a0Symmachus was made bishop of Jerusalem.\u00a0 He held the office for two years and died.\u00a0 In the third year of his reign\u00a0Gaius was made bishop of Jerusalem (76).\u00a0 He held the office for three years and died.\u00a0 In the sixth year of his reign\u00a0Julian was made bishop of Jerusalem.\u00a0 He held the office for four years and died.\u00a0 In the eleventh year of his reign\u00a0Elias was made bishop of Jerusalem (77). He held the seat for two years and died.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" 15. At that time the Jews returned to Jerusalem.\u00a0 They then became so numerous that they filled the city, they decided to give themselves a king.\u00a0 Hearing about this, Trajan Caesar sent one of his generals\u00a0to Jerusalem at the head of a large army (41).\u00a0 Countless Jews were killed in that way.\u00a0 Now it happened […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_seo_schema_type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[19],"tags":[672],"class_list":["post-13908","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-from-my-diary-announcements","tag-eutychius"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/roger-pearse.com\/weblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13908","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/roger-pearse.com\/weblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/roger-pearse.com\/weblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roger-pearse.com\/weblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roger-pearse.com\/weblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13908"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/roger-pearse.com\/weblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13908\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/roger-pearse.com\/weblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13908"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roger-pearse.com\/weblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13908"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roger-pearse.com\/weblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13908"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}